Service Performance: Output Class 7- Rehabilitative Programmes and Reintegrative Services

This output class provides:

• responsivity programmes to improve offenders’ motivation to address the causes of their criminal offending. These programmes are designed to increase an offender’s responsivity to undertake a specific programme that seeks to address an identified criminogenic need
• rehabilitative programmes to address the causes of criminal offending. There is a suite of nationally defined rehabilitation programmes. Assessment tools determine programme eligibility according to an offender’s criminogenic needs, responsivity and risk of re-offending
• reintegrative services to prepare for an offender’s release into the community, including support for families/whanau. Emphasis is placed on the targeted provision of reintegrative services to reinforce and sustain behavioural changes by building up basic skills (for example, budgeting and relationship management) which support reintegration into the community. These services include projects for regional reintegration coordinators and supported accommodation
• specialist psychological services, including counselling of offenders, professional training and supervision in the use of assessment tools, to monitor and support programme delivery.

OUTPUT CLASS STATEMENT: REHABILITATIVE PROGRAMMES AND REINTEGRATIVE SERVICES
For the Year Ended 30 June 2005

30/06/04 Actual $000		30/06/05 Actual $000	Main Estimates $000	Supp. Estimates $000
	REVENUE
43,871	Crown	40,266	47,923	41,766
858	Departmental	836	1,496	1,496
0	Other	0	0	0
44,729	Total Revenue	41,102	49,419	43,262
44,167	Total Expenses	40,608	49,419	43,262
562	Net Surplus	494	0	0

OUTPUT 7.1 Responsivity/Motivational Programmes

This output entails the delivery of Straight Thinking, Tikanga Maori and faith-based programmes. Attendance at these programmes improves an offender’s responsivity or motivation to address identified criminogenic needs. Specific programmes include:

• Straight Thinking, which aims to improve the critical reasoning required for effective social integration
• Tikanga Maori programmes, which are delivered to community-based offenders, remand and sentenced prisoners (including youth in specialist male Young Offenders Units). These programmes are designed to use Maori philosophy, values, knowledge and practices to increase motivation for the offender to address their offending behaviour
• Christian-based programmes, which are delivered in the Faith-based Unit at Rimutaka Prison.

	2003/04	Performance Standard 2004/05
Performance Measure	Actual	Actual	Budget	Variance
STRAIGHT THINKING PROGRAMMES
Quantity
The number of hours offenders spend attending a Straight Thinking programme
• Prisoners:	44,916	39,812	55,4401	–15,628
• Community-based offenders:	27,976	21,330	53,9002	–32,570
The number of offenders who start a Straight Thinking programme
• Prisoners:	752	710	7793	–69
• Community-based offenders:	560	483	9324	–449
Quality
The percentage of offenders who start and complete a Straight Thinking programme to be no less than
• Prisoners:	84%	87%	80%	7%
• Community-based offenders:	67%	54%	65%	–11%

Comment

There has been a steady increase in the number of offenders starting Straight Thinking throughout the year as the capacity and capability of Intervention Services increased. However, this has not been sufficient to compensate for under-delivery arising earlier in the financial year, particularly within the Community Probation Service.

Increases in the number of new starts have been particularly positive in the Public Prisons Service. Within the Community Probation Service an ongoing issue of low levels of appropriate referrals remains. The variance in programme hours completed in the Community Probation Service is primarily due to offenders exited from the programme for poor motivation and attendance.

Intervention Services and the Community Probation Service are working together to identify strategies to address the number of referrals to Straight Thinking and to maintain the motivation and attendance of offenders while undertaking the programme.

	2003/04	Performance Standard 2004/05
Performance Measure	Actual	Actual	Budget	Variance
TIKANGA MAORI PROGRAMMES
Quantity
The number of offenders who start a Tikanga Maori programme:
• Prisoners:	841	841	943	–102
• Community-based offenders:	239	416	523	–107
Quality
The percentage of offenders who start and complete a Tikanga Maori programme to be no less than:
• Prisoners:	99%	96%	75%	21%
• Community-based offenders:	67%	71%	65%	6%

Comment

The reduced number of new starts in the Public Prisons Service primarily reflects the cancellation of one of the men’s Tikanga Maori programmes in the Northern Region because of staffing and operational issues, the postponement of the scheduled women’s Tikanga Maori programme in both the Wellington and Southern regions as a result of delays in the scheduled appointment of the service providers, and the fact that the programmes were not always delivered to the planned optimum number of prisoners.

Although still below target, the number of offenders who started a programme in the Community Probation Service was significantly higher than in the previous year (239). This reflects a considerable focus on this programme throughout the year, and particularly within the Central Region. Similar initiatives in the Northern and Southern region should see the targets achieved in 2005/06.

The pilot of the women’s Tikanga Maori programme was successfully completed with two programmes delivered in the Hawke’s Bay/Gisborne area and one in the Tai Tokerau area.

The completion rate for both prisoners and community-based offenders remained above expectations.

	2003/04	Performance Standard 2004/05
Performance Measure	Actual	Actual	Budget	Variance
FAITH BASED UNIT
Quantity
The number of sentenced prisoners in the Faith-based Unit to be up to:	59	60	60	Nil
Quality
The minimum average occupancy rate:	99%	100%	95%	5%

OUTPUT 7.2 Criminogenic Programmes

This output delivers programmes to address an offender’s criminogenic needs, either in prison or the community. Programmes include:

• sex offender treatment programmes, for prisoners convicted of sex offending against children. The programmes include special treatment units at Kia Marama in Christchurch Prison and Te Piriti in Auckland Prison
• violence prevention programmes, including the delivery of group-based treatment to violent offenders in the male Violence Prevention Special Treatment Unit at Rimutaka Prison and the Pacific violence prevention programme
• EQUIP, a youth offender programme designed to develop cognitive behavioural reasoning for effective social interaction
• substance abuse programmes to highly recidivist offenders with identified alcohol- and drug-related needs. The output includes the delivery of alcohol and drug treatment programmes within special treatment units
• generic criminogenic programmes, such as the Mixed Programme to Reduce Re-offending (M-PRO) and Structured Individual Programmes (SIP)
• Maori therapeutic programmes involving alcohol, drug, and violence prevention delivered in Maori Focus Units and at the Northland Region Corrections Facility
• Making Our Drivers Safer (MODS), a programme delivered within the community to reduce re-offending by addressing highrisk, recidivist traffic offenders.

	2003/04	Performance Standard 2004/05
Performance Measure	Actual	Actual	Budget	Variance
SEX OFFENDER TREATMENT PROGRAMMES
Quantity
The number of hours prisoners spend attending a programme at
• Kia Marama:	14,243	12,616	12,500	116
• Te Piriti:	14,325	12,883	12,500	383
The number of prisoners who start a programme at:
• Kia Marama:	46	40	40	Nil
• Te Piriti:	44	40	40	Nil
Quality
The number of prisoners who start and complete a programme at:
• Kia Marama to be no less than:	37	38	38	Nil
• Te Piriti to be no less than:	43	39	38	1
The percentage of programmes completed at Kia Marama and Te Piriti where all the following components described in the service  description were completed: norm building construction of offence chain incorporating challenging cognitive distortion sexual arousal reconditioning victim impact and empathy social skills, relationship skills and sex education mood, anger and stress management and problem solving relapse prevention release planning.	100%	100%	100%	Nil

Comment

During the year, there were increased numbers of prisoners in each treatment group at Kia Marama following the unit’s adoption of the Te Piriti model of increased cultural input. The transition from eight prisoners per group to ten prisoners per group, and the subsequent reduction in the number of programmes from five to four, resulted in the delivery of programme hours earlier than originally anticipated, although the year-end result was in line with the planned level.

	2003/04	Performance Standard 2004/05
Performance Measure	Actual	Actual	Budget	Variance
VIOLENCE PREVENTION PROGRAMMES
Quantity
The number of hours prisoners spend attending a violence prevention programme at Rimutaka Prison:	8,112	8,007	7,700	307
The number of prisoners who start a violence prevention programme at Rimutaka Prison:	29	30	30	Nil
Quality
The number of violence prevention programmes completed at Rimutaka Prison:	3	3	3	Nil
The percentage of offenders who start and complete a violence prevention programme at Rimutaka Prison:	80%	73%	70%	3%

	2003/04	Performance Standard 2004/05
Performance Measure	Actual	Actual	Budget	Variance
EQUIP
Quantity
The number of EQUIP programme hours provided to young offenders:	2,864	3,691	3,840	–149
The number of young offenders who start an EQUIP programme:	165	181	134	47
Quality
The percentage of sentenced youth in Young Offenders Units who participate in an EQUIP programme:	73%	59%	98%	–39%

Comment

The high level of throughput in the Young Offenders Units over the year is reflected in the significant number of young offenders who commenced the programme. The increased throughput reflects the Department’s obligations under international conventions and the service description for prisoner receptions to the Young Offenders Units, together with the subsequent movement of young offenders through to mainstream facilities.

The percentage of sentenced youth in the Young Offenders Units who participated in an EQUIP programme was below planned levels, reflecting the high level of throughput, in combination with the continued impact of the sentence management business rules, under which certain prisoners are not eligible for the programme.

	2003/04	Performance Standard 2004/05
Performance Measure	Actual	Actual	Budget	Variance
CRIMINOGENIC PROGRAMMES (EXCLUDING MAORI THERAPEUTIC PROGRAMMES)
Quantity
The number of hours offenders spend attending a criminogenic programme
• Prisoners:	81,325	73,410	105,400	–31,990
• Community-based offenders:	43,908	36,428	73,190	–36,762
The number of offenders who start a criminogenic programme
• Prisoners:	679	466	700	–234
• Community-based offenders:	632	513	783	–270
Quality
The percentage of offenders who start and complete a criminogenic programme
• Prisoners:	74%	67%	75%	–8%
• Community-based offenders:	76%	71%	65%	6%

Comment

Criminogenic programmes delivered within this grouping and under this output, comprise:

• delivery of the Department’s 100-hour criminogenic programmes by Intervention Services to offenders within the Public Prisons Service and the Community Probation Service
• structured Individual Programmes delivered to offenders in the Community Probation Service
• delivery of specialist programmes in the Public Prisons Service’s Drug Treatment Units
• delivery of the Pacific violence prevention programme, Saili Matagi, at Auckland Prison.

The number of offenders commencing 100-hour criminogenic programmes was met by Intervention Services for prisoners (target 310, actual 311) but not for offenders in the community (target 783, actual 513). The result for offenders managed by the Community Probation Service was due to the level of capacity of Intervention Services, which arose from delays in recruitment of facilitators and have now largely been addressed.

Delivery hours were below target due to offender absences from programmes, the number of offenders who commenced programmes and some programmes not being completed before the end of the financial year.

Delivery of programmes within the Public Prisons Service Drug Treatment Units was below planned levels, primarily reflecting resourcing and other operational issues associated with delivery of the programme at Rolleston Prison. The Public Prisons Service is currently investigating future programme delivery options for the Rolleston Drug Treatment Unit, with a report to be presented for approval in the 2005/06 financial year.

Delivery of the Saili Matagi programme was delayed and did not commence until late in the financial year, with the programme not now scheduled to be completed until early in the 2005/06 financial year. This factor has also impacted on the overall completion rate for the delivery of programmes within the Public Prisons Service, which was below planned levels at 67 percent. The completion rate for the Department’s 100-hour criminogenic programmes delivered by Intervention Services was in line with the target at 75 percent.

	2003/04	Performance Standard 2004/05
Performance Measure	Actual	Actual	Budget	Variance
MAORI THERAPEUTIC PROGRAMMES
Quantity
The number of hours prisoners spend attending Maori therapeutic programmes:	23,973	2,728	5,000	–2,272
The number of prisoners who start a Maori therapeutic programme:	323	20	505	–30
Quality
The percentage of prisoners who start and complete Maori therapeutic programmes to be no less than:	70%	100%	75%	25%

Comment

The policy and service description for Maori Therapeutic Programmes were revised to provide consistency to the programme content and delivery, and focus on addressing the offending need. In line with the approved implementation plan, the Public Prisons Service undertook a consultation and appointment process to select suitable existing Maori Therapeutic Programme providers to deliver the revised Maori Therapeutic Programmes.

The consultation process, evaluation and subsequent training of providers extended over a longer period than originally anticipated. Consequently delivery of the programme only occurred during the final quarter of the financial year, at Hawke’s Bay and Wanganui prisons. The Public Prisons Service is currently undertaking a competitive tender process to select providers for the remaining programmes, where the existing providers either did not wish to participate or did not meet the requirements.

The number of Maori Therapeutic Programme hours delivered reflects the delivery of two programmes to 20 prisoners, and also includes a small number of hours relating to the completion of one of the previous programmes at Hawke’s Bay Prison in July 2004.

OUTPUT 7.3 Other Rehabilitative Programmes and Activities

This output entails the provision and administration of other criminogenic and special programmes that are designed to address the underlying causes of criminal re-offending.

This comprises:

• community-based sex offender treatment programmes delivered by third parties
• community-based domestic violence and alcohol and drug programmes delivered by third parties
• community-based violence prevention programmes delivered by third parties.

	2003/04	Performance Standard 2004/05
Performance Measure	Actual	Actual	Budget	Variance
Quantity
The number of hours offenders spend attending other rehabilitative programmes funded by Probation and Offender Services:	117,710	117,911	95,000	22,911
Quality
The percentage of offenders who start and complete a rehabilitative programme funded by Probation and Offender Services to be no less than:	59%	53%	65%	–12%

Comment

The Department had anticipated a reduction in the number of hours spent on other programmes as it continued to tighten the focus of funded programmes. However, this reduction did not occur, with the total being almost identical to 2003/04 (117,710), suggesting that the decrease in hours spent on programmes no longer funded were not as substantial as had been expected. The standard has been increased for 2005/06.

The completion rate is below target, and requires further investigation.

OUTPUT 7.4 Education and Training

This output seeks to raise the basic literacy and numeracy levels of prisoners through the provision of basic literacy and numeracy programmes, the National Certificate in Employment Skills (NCES) and other general education activities to ensure they are better equipped to cope in the community following their release from prison.

	2003/04	Performance Standard 2004/05
Performance Measure	Actual	Actual	Budget	Variance
Quantity
The number of hours prisoners spend attending a module under the NCES:	115,644	132,003	236,827	–104,824
Quality
The percentage of prisoners who start and complete a module under the NCES to be no less than:	73%	84%	80%	4%

Comment

The full year under-delivery in programme hours was primarily attributable to a number of key factors:

• prison population pressures and the associated high numbers of transfers and movements
• changes to operational practices at certain sites, resulting from ongoing muster issues and staff shortages
• low prisoner demand, attributed to lower numbers of referrals than anticipated
• a number of classes were delivered to five prisoners or less, compared with the average planned class size of eight
• classroom availability, both in terms of insufficient classrooms and constraints on the times during which the classrooms could be utilised
• tutor unavailability due to resignations and sickness.

Despite the under-delivery in prisoner hours, over 100 prisoners graduated with the qualification, and in excess of 28,000 unit standard credits were achieved by prisoners in the year.

OUTPUT 7.5 Reintegrative Services

This output entails the provision and administration of reintegrative services. This includes the delivery of programmes and activities to meet offenders’ reintegrative needs, such as:

• family functioning/social attitudes, victim empathy and life skills
• the provision of social worker and other support services to support the successful reintegration of offenders into their families/whanau, the community and the workforce
• tattoo removal
• offenders as victims of crime.

	2003/04	Performance Standard 2004/05
Performance Measure	Actual	Actual	Budget	Variance
WHANAU LIAISON SERVICE
Quantity
The number of offenders and their families/whanau receiving the whanau liaison service to be no less than:	281	267	257	10
Quality
The percentage of offenders and their families/whanau receiving the whanau liaison service for which an action plan is developed to be no less than:	98%	94%	100%	–6%

	2003/04	Performance Standard 2004/05
Performance Measure	Actual	Actual	Budget	Variance
REINTEGRATIVE SERVICES – as provided by the Public Prisons Service
Quantity
The number of hours delivered by the Public Prisons Service for reintegrative services for prisoners:	20,669	24,575	38,200	–13,625
Quality
The percentage of reintegrative services provided by the Public Prisons Service in accordance with a prisoner’s plan to be no less than:	100%	90%	90%	Nil

Comment

Delivery of Reintegrative Services within the Public Prisons Service was significantly below planned levels, with lower delivery recorded in each of the living, budgeting and parenting skills programmes. The compilation of the Reintegrative Services plan assumed the maximum class sizes of 12 prisoners for each programme. However, a number of factors continued to impact on the ability of Public Prisons Service regions to ensure that programmes were delivered to the optimal planned class sizes, which, in some instances, resulted in course postponements, thus further contributing to lower delivery volumes. These factors included:

• a lower number of referrals than originally anticipated
• prisoner withdrawals from the programmes
• muster-related issues and prisoner transfers
• inability to mix certain groups of prisoners
• inadequate and insufficient classrooms located in accessible areas.

	2003/04	Performance Standard 2004/05
Performance Measure	Actual	Actual	Budget	Variance
REINTEGRATIVE SERVICES – as provided by the New Zealand Prisoners’ Aid and Rehabilitation Society (NZPARS)
Quantity
The number of support service hours to be provided to be no more than:	34,710	40,070	40,860	–790
Quality
The percentage of referrals (urgent or otherwise) to NZPARS per month acknowledged within five working days of receipt:	95%	98%	95%	3%

Comment

Support service hours delivered by NZPARS were marginally below planned levels, primarily reflecting the non-delivery of planned services at the Northland Region Corrections Facility as a result of NZPARS’ capacity and infrastructure constraints within the region. The associated approved funding was utilised to assist NZPARS in the establishment of an infrastructure base in Northland in the final quarter, in advance of service delivery in the 2005/06 year.

	2003/04	Performance Standard 2004/05
Performance Measure	Actual	Actual	Budget	Variance
REINTEGRATIVE SUPPORT SERVICES
Quantity
The number of offenders and their families/whanau receiving the service to be no more than:	106	91	120	–29
Quality
The percentage of offenders and their families/whanau receiving the service for which an action plan is developed to be no less than:	100%	100%	100%	Nil

Comment

The number of offenders receiving this service has been below target at both sites (Auckland and Christchurch). This appears to have been largely due to issues related to inappropriate referrals to the services, and the increase in the prison population, which has resulted in increased prisoner movements. Funding for the services (currently pilots) has been confirmed to June 2006, while government considers the results of an outcome evaluation completed in June 2005.

OUTPUT 7.6 Community Residential Centres and Reducing Youth Offending Programme

This output entails offenders’ attendance at community residential centres to address reintegrative and rehabilitative needs, and the piloting of the Reducing Youth Offending programme.

	2003/04	Performance Standard 2004/05
Performance Measure	Actual	Actual	Budget	Variance
COMMUNITY RESIDENTIAL CENTRES
Quantity
The number of offenders directed to attend a community residential centre:	64	68	82	–14
The number of psychologist hours provided to Montgomery House:	745	860	740	120
Quality
The percentage of offenders who successfully undertake their community residential centre order to be no less than:	76%	87%	60%	27%
The percentage of assessments for Montgomery House programmes for which all of the information elements were assessed to be:	92%	100%	100%	Nil
The percentage of post-programme assessments for Montgomery House programmes completed by a psychologist to be:	100%	100%	100%	Nil
The percentage of clinical monitoring reports for Montgomery House programmes that adhere to the standards to be:	100%	100%	100%	Nil
The percentage of clinical monitoring reports for Montgomery House programmes provided within agreed timeframes to be:	100%	100%	100%	Nil

Comment

The number of offenders attending community residential centres is slightly higher than last year (64) although still below target. The Department and the providers are continuing to work closely to maximise appropriate referrals to these centres. The variance in psychologist hours resulted from the need to train new staff in delivery of the Montgomery House programme. Completion rates, for those who do start, continued to improve to 87 percent, compared to 76 percent in 2003/04.

	2003/04	Performance Standard 2004/05
Performance Measure	Actual	Actual	Budget	Variance
REDUCING YOUTH OFFENDING PROGRAMME
Quantity
The number of youth who are directed to attend a Reducing Youth Offending programme:	81	109	130	–21
Quality
The percentage of youth who successfully undertake a Reducing Youth Offending programme order to be no less than:	78%	74%	70%	4%

Comment

The number of youth attending the programme continues to increase (109 compared with 81 in 2003/04), although the full year result has been below target. The programme has continued to experience difficulties in identifying appropriate referrals, and this remains a focus for the programme managers for 2005/06.

Efforts by both sites (Auckland and Christchurch) to improve programme completion rates have been successful, with a year-end result of 74 percent achieved.

OUTPUT 7.7 Provision of Psychological Services

This output entails the provision of specialist psychological treatment services to offenders serving both custodial and community-based sentences. It includes the provision of reports resulting from the referral, assessment and treatment of offenders serving custodial sentences, and of professional training and supervision relating to the delivery of responsivity/motivational and rehabilitative programmes.

	2003/04	Performance Standard 2004/05
Performance Measure	Actual	Actual	Budget	Variance
PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES
Quantity
The number of psychological consultation hours provided to the
• Public Prisons Service:	9,625	9,609	9,199	410
• Community Probation Service:	10,285	10,751	11,288	–537
• Community Probation Service (extended supervision):	New measure	23	1566	–133
The number of psychological reports provided to the
• Public Prisons Service:	1,117	975	779	196
• Community Probation Service:	1,084	1,089	916	173
Quality
The percentage of psychological consultations which meet the following standards to be no less than: a structured offender assessment interview is conducted confidentiality and consent issues are explained relevant history is obtained assessment measures are used (as appropriate) problems are presented clearly formulated treatment goals are specified (addressing assessed problems) appropriate interventions are used (based on current literature) adequate case notes are recorded for all sessions records are kept of ongoing measures or observations to monitor interventions assessment and treatment reports are completed and delivered.	100%	100%	95%	5%
The percentage of psychological reports which meet the following standards to be no less than: concise, logical and grammatically correct source and reason for referral are clearly stated all relevant and appropriate information is included sources of information are well documented and verified clear statements of recommendations for further interventions complies with the Psychologists’ Code of Ethics.	100%	100%	95%	5%

Comment

The requirement to deliver more reports for the New Zealand Parole Board, and clearing the initial batches of extended supervision health assessments, limited the time available for the delivery of psychological consultation hours. While remedial action was taken in the final quarter, delivery of consultation hours to the Community Probation Service was marginally below planned levels.

The number of psychological reports provided to the Public Prisons Service and the Community Probation Service was above planned levels, primarily reflecting the throughput of offenders in the Young Offenders Units, and the requirement to provide reports on offenders as they move out of the programmes. In addition, the urgency of waiting lists continued to necessitate the undertaking of assessments (which require a report) to prioritise offenders.

The lower number of consultation hours provided for extended supervision offenders is attributable to the time interval for granting extended supervision orders, with a number of high-risk offenders continuing to be managed under parole conditions, having not yet moved under extended supervision orders.

	2003/04	Performance Standard 2004/05
Performance Measure	Actual	Actual	Budget	Variance
BICULTURAL THERAPY MODEL
Quantity
The number of consultation hours provided by Maori service providers under the Bicultural Therapy Model:	4,104	3,897	4,000	–103
Quality
The percentage of Maori service providers who comply with the following standards when delivering consultation hours under the Bicultural Therapy Model to be: all referrals follow locally agreed referral processes provider has received induction from the Psychological Service provider has signed a contract for services treatment provided is centred around Maori values and beliefs using the principles of kaupapa Maori and nga tikanga Maori provider is mandated by the relevant Oversight Committee, comprising representatives of local iwi and the Psychological Service a report is provided to the Psychological Service at the end of each referral.	98%	99%	100%	–1%

Comment

All Maori prisoners are offered bicultural therapy. An increasing number of prisoners are taking up this option – commensurate with the increased emphasis placed on it. The Bicultural Therapy Model continued to be maintained by each Psychological Service office and regional managers.

OUTPUT 7.8 Chaplaincy Services

This output entails the use of chaplaincy and religious activities to assist the regeneration of pro-social values and behaviour.

	2003/04	Performance Standard 2004/05
Performance Measure	Actual	Actual	Budget	Variance
Quantity
The number of full-time equivalent chaplains in prisons:	31	32	26	6
Quality
The percentage of chaplaincy service reports provided to the Public Prisons Service within the agreed timeframes:	100%	100%	100%	Nil

Comment

The increased number of chaplains reflects the fact that the Catholic Bishop continued to make available additional chaplains to the Chaplaincy Service on a gratis basis, as a gesture of goodwill.

---

1 Ministerial approval was received to revise this performance standard from 69,300.

2 Ministerial approval was received to revise this performance standard from 82,880.

3 Ministerial approval was received to revise this performance standard from 990.

4 Ministerial approval was received to revise this performance standard from 1,184.

5 Ministerial approval was received to revise this performance standard from 100.

6 Ministerial approval was received for the development of this new measure.

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